Transform Operators - Tables

When used with tables, the Transform Toolbar provides numerous functions for use with fields of various types.

The leftmost box in the Transform toolbar is the Target box. The rightmost box is the Source / argument box. Some operators require choice of a field in the source / argument box while other operators allow either a value entered by the user or choice of a field.

The list of operators in the operation box will vary depending on the type of field chosen in the Target box. For example, Round, Round Up, and Round Down will be listed in available operators only with float or double types and not with integers. Conversely, the Binary And and similar operators will not be listed with float types because these are bitwise operators that make sense only with integers.

When working with tables, it is at times important to know what data type each field is. For example, the value 486 could either be an integer type or it could be a text string consisting of the characters "4", "8" and "6". When working with a column that contains such values, if the operators you expect to see are not there remember to double-check the field type in case it is different than expected.

Some operators that appear to be numeric in character will appear with text fields. Such operators will place their resulting numbers into the text field as a string.

With text fields, "values" mean text strings or characters. All characters are taken literally. "Maximum" and "minimum" functions employ lexicographic arithmetic taking the order of characters in the character set as the numeric value of the character.

Tokens are explained in the Transform - Using Tokens and Text Strings topic.

Date / Time Decrement and Increment Operations

Manifold System date-time operations will automatically "rollover" when incrementing or decrementing. For example, if the Inc Minute command is applied to a time of 2:59 the result will be 3:00. Applying the Dec Minute command to 3:00 will result in 2:59.

Impossible Operations Ignored

Manifold has a simple way of dealing with impossible operations such as division by zero. All such operations are ignored and any records that would be subject to such operations are left unchanged. It is therefore important when using operations such as Divide by to first check the parameter involved (say, by sorting on that column) to see if there are any zero values.

Span Excluding / Including Operators

See the topic Transform - Span Excluding / Including for discussion and examples.

Date/Time and URL Fields have Subparts Called "Sections"

A Date/Time field may be subdivided into subparts such as, for example, the hour, minutes and seconds value of the time. These subparts are called sections. Likewise, the date part of a Date/Time field has sections such as the year, month and day. URL fields also have sections such as the object, parameters, port, protocol and server.

Any operator that works on date/time or URL field sections will apply only to that section. So, for example, using Copy Year from with Date time fields in both the target box and the source / argument box will copy only the year from the parameter date field to the target box's year section.

The only two exceptions to the above are the Copy Month Name From and Copy Weekday Name From operators, which can only copy from a date time field section to a text field or a URL section. The reason is that these operators convert date/time data into a name, such as "Tuesday", which is a one-way conversion. Any particular date can unambiguously be converted into a day of the week; however, simply knowing a day is "Tuesday" does not pick out unambiguously a calendar date.

Text Operators
Append	Appends given text or field to original field.
Clear	Clear all values in Field.
Copy Day Name from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the name of the day to Field using local language settings.
Copy First Token from	Copy the first token from Parameter into the Field. If Parameter contains John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be to copy John into Field.
Copy from	Copy the value from the Parameter into the Field.
Copy Last Token from	Copy the last token from Parameter into the Field. If Parameter contains John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be to copy Ringo into Field.
Copy Month Name from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the name of the month to Field using local language settings.
Copy URL Object from	Copy main part of URL field. Example: "/news/news.html" from http://www.manifold.net/news/news.html
Copy URL Parameters from	Copy query parameters, if any, in URL. Example: "?pg=q&sc=on" from http://www.mydomain.com/cgi-bin/query?pg=q&sc=on
Copy URL Port from	Return port, if used, from URL string. Example: "21" from ftp://ftp.microsoft.com:21
Copy URL Protocol from	Return protocol used by the URL. Example: "http://" from http://www.manifold.net
Copy URL Server from	Return the server from the URL: Eg: "www.manifold.net" from http://www.manifold.net/news/news.html
Decode with	Decrypt Field using a password given in Parameter.
Delete Containing	Clear values in original field that contain the given text or field.
Delete Containing Match	Clear all values that contain a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Delete Containing Token	Clear all values that contain the given token.
Delete Ending with	Clear values in original field that end with the given text or field.
Delete Ending with Match	Clear all values that end with a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Delete Ending with Token	Clear all values that end with the given token.
Delete First Token	Delete the first token in the Field together with the separator (if any) following it. If applied to John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be Paul/George/Ringo.
Delete Last Token	Delete the last token in the Field together with the separator (if any) preceding it. If applied to John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be John/Paul/George.
Delete Left	Delete the first n characters of the original field, where n is a number specified by the given numeric field or value.
Delete Matching	Clear all values that match the given regular expression pattern.
Delete Right	Delete the last n characters of the original field, where n is a number specified by the given numeric field or value.
Delete Sounding Like	Clear all values that sound like the given word. Requires a lot of faith in the Soundex algorithm. A better idea is to use a viewbot to select all that sound like the given word and then take a look at the selection before deleting.
Delete Starting with	Clear values in original field that start with the given text or field.
Delete Starting with Match	Clear all values that start with a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Delete Starting with Token	Clear all values that start with the given token.
Encode with	Encrypt Field using a password given in Parameter. Caution: don't "Encode" a field twice by accident!
Fill with	Fill the Fields of all records with what is in the Parameter. Equivalent to "Copy from" the Parameter value or field.
Fill with Maximum of	Find the "maximum" value that occurs in Parameter field using lexicographic arithmetic and copy it to the Field.
Fill with Median of	Find the "median" value that occurs in Parameter field using lexicographic arithmetic and copy it to the Field.
Fill with Minimum of	Find the "minimum" value that occurs in Parameter field using lexicographic arithmetic and copy it to the Field.
Leave Containing	Clear all values in original field that do not contain the given text or field.
Leave Containing Match	Clear all values except those that contain a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Leave Containing Token	Clear all values except those that contain the given token.
Leave Ending with	Clear all values in original field that do not end with the given text or field.
Leave Ending with Match	Clear all values except those that end with a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Leave Ending with Token	Clear all values except those that end with the given token.
Leave Left	Clip all text from the Field except the first n characters, where n is a number specified by the value given in the Source / argument box.
Leave Matching	Clear all values except those that match the given regular expression pattern.
Leave Right	Clip all text from the Field except the last n characters, where n is a number specified by the value given in the Source / argument box.
Leave Sounding Like	Clear all values except those that sound like the given word. Not for the faint of heart. A better idea is to use a viewbot to select all that sound like the given word and then take a look at the selection, invert the selection and then delete.
Leave Starting with	Clear all values in original field that do not start with the given text or field.
Leave Starting with Match	Clear all values except those that start with a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Leave Starting with Token	Clear all values except those that start with the given token.
Make Lower Case	Convert all characters in the Field to lower case.
Make Sentence Case	Capitalize first character in sentences. Example: "small green tree" becomes "Small green tree"
Make Title Case	Capitalize first character in words. Example: "small green tree" becomes "Small Green Tree"
Make Upper Case	Convert all characters in the Field to upper case.
Prepend	Prepends given text or field to original field.
Reverse	Reverses the order of characters in the Field.
Reverse by Tokens	Reverses the order of tokens in the Field. If applied to John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be Ringo/George/Paul/John.
Reverse Token at	Take the token in the Field at the position given by the number in the value box and reverse its characters. If applied to John/Paul/George/Ringo with a value of 3 would result in John/Paul/egroeG/Ringo.
Span Excluding	Start at the first character in the Field and see if it occurs anywhere in the text string in the Source / argument box. If it does not occur, continue to the next character and see if it occurs in the text string in the Source / argument box. Continue until a character is encountered that is in the text string in the Source / argument box and stop. Take the characters checked thus far in order and place them in the Field. Order in the Field is preserved, while the order of characters in the text string in the Source / argument box or field does not matter.
Span Including	Start at the first character in the Field and see if it occurs anywhere in the text string in the Source / argument box or field. If it does occur, continue to the next character and see if it occurs in the text string in the Source / argument box. Continue until a character is encountered that is not in the text string in the Source / argument box and stop. Take the characters found thus far in order and place them in the Field. Order in the Field is preserved, while the order of characters in the text string in the Source / argument box or field does not matter.
Toggle Case	Swap upper case for lower case throughout the text.
Trim	Remove leading and trailing separator characters (whitespace, by default) from the Field.
Trim Left	Remove leading separator characters (whitespace, by default) from the Field.
Trim Right	Remove trailing separator characters (whitespace, by default) from the Field.

The Span Including and Span Excluding operators are easier to use than their technical description makes it seem. Both chop up a string at a given cut point and return all characters encountered before the cut point. The difference is in how the operators specify the cut point.

The Including version cuts off the string as soon as it finds a character not in the set of characters given in the Source / argument box.

The Excluding version cuts off the string as soon as it finds a character in the set of characters given in the Source / argument box.

For example, suppose we want to cut a string at the first non-numeric character. We would use Span Including and provide the characters 1234567890 in the Source / argument box and each string would be cut as soon as a non-numeric character is encountered. For example, the string 123 Main St would be cut right after the 123 and the operator would return the value 123.

Suppose we want to cut a string at the first numeric character encountered. We would use Span Excluding and again provide the characters 1234567890 in the Source / argument box and each string would be cut as soon as a numeric character is encountered. For example, the string Cambridge, MA 02138 would be cut right before the 0 character and the operator would return the value Cambridge, MA complete with trailing space character.

There are two Span operators because sometimes it is more convenient to specify what you are looking for and sometimes it is more convenient to specify what you do not want. For example, there are fewer numeric characters than non-numerics so if you are looking for non-numerics it is easier to supply a short list of numbers than a very long list of all other characters.

The Trim operators remove characters listed in the Tool Properties pane's list of token separators. By default, these are the "white space" characters consisting of the space character, tab, newline and carriage return. Note that adding any other characters to the separator list in Tool Properties will subject them to removal as well if they occur as leading or trailing characters.

Integer Operators
Add	Add Parameter field or value to the Field for each record.
Arithmetic Series	Fill Field with an arithmetic series from first record to last computed using the value n given in the Source / argument box for each step. If n = 5, Field will contain 0, 5, 10, 15, 20... series values in records from top to bottom.
Binary And with	Performs bitwise AND operation on Field and given Parameter value or field, and stores the result in the Field.
Binary Not	Performs bitwise NOT operation on Field. This is a binary inversion: all 0’s become 1’s and all 1’s become 0’s.
Binary Or with	Performs bitwise OR operation on Field and given Parameter value or field.
Binary Xor with	Performs bitwise XOR operation on Field and given Parameter value or field.
Clear	Delete all values in Field.
Copy Day from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the month) to Field.
Copy Day of Week from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the week) to Field.
Copy Day of Year from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the year) to Field.
Copy from	Copy values from the given Parameter field to Field.
Copy Hour from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the hour number (as the hour number in a 24 day) to Field.
Copy Leap Year Flag from	Examine a date/time field in the Parameter field, determines whether or not each date value falls on a leap year, and copies the result (0 or 1) into Field, which should be a numeric or Boolean field.
Copy Minute from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the minute number (as the minute number in an hour) to Field.
Copy Month from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the month number (as the month number in a year) to Field.
Copy Percentage from	Sum values in Parameter field and then for each record take the Parameter field's value as a percentage of the total and copy into Field.
Copy Record Deviation from	Find the median of all Parameter values and then for each record place in Field the deviation from that median for the particular Parameter value of that record.
Copy Record Variation from	Find the median of all Parameter values and then for each record place in Field the variation from that median for the particular Parameter value of that record.
Copy Running Product from	For each record in the sort order, form a product of Parameter field with the cumulative product of multiplying Parameter field from previous records. Place the result in the current record's Field.
Copy Running Sub from	For each record in the sort order, subtract Parameter field from the cumulative total of subtracting Parameter field from previous records. Place the result in the current record's Field.
Copy Running Total from	For each record in the sort order, add Parameter field to the cumulative total of subtracting Parameter field from previous records. Place the result in the current record's Field.
Copy Second from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the second number (as the second number in a minute) to Field.
Copy Week from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the week number (as the week number in a 52-week year) to Field.
Copy Year from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the year number to Field.
Divide by	Divides Field by the given Parameter value or field. Division by zero results in no change to Field for those records.
Fill with	Fill the Fields of all records with what is in the Parameter. Equivalent to "Copy from" the Parameter value or field.
Fill with Average of	Examine Parameter field values and copy average of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Excess of	Examine Parameter field values and copy excess of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Maximum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy maximum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Median of	Examine Parameter field values and copy median of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Minimum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy minimum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Random	Fill Field with random numbers.
Fill with Skewness of	Examine Parameter field values and copy skewness of these to Field for all records.
Fill with StdDeviation of	Examine Parameter field values and copy standard deviation of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Sum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy sum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Variance of	Examine Parameter field values and copy variance of these to Field for all records.
Geometric Series	Fill Field with a geometric series from first record to last computed using the value n given in the Source / argument box for each step. If n = 2, Field will contain 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 ...series values in records from top to bottom.
Logical And with	Places a 0 or a 1 in the Field based on logical AND with the field or value specified in the Source / argument box. Any nonzero value counts as a 1 for the AND operation.
Logical Not	If the Field contains 0, it is made a 1. If it contains any nonzero value it is made a 0.
Logical Or with	Places a 0 or a 1 in the Field based on logical OR with the field or value specified in the Source / argument box. Any nonzero value counts as a 1 for the OR operation.
Logical Xor with	Places a 0 or a 1 in the Field based on logical XOR with the field or value specified in the Source / argument box. Any nonzero value counts as a 1 for the XOR operation.
Make Absolute	Take absolute value of the Field and place it in the Field.
Make at Least	Resets all values in the Field which are lower than the field or value specified in the Parameter box to the field or value specified in the Parameter box. A lower bound clipping function controlled by the field or value specified in the Parameter box.
Make at Most	Resets all values in the Field which are higher than the field or value specified in the Parameter box to the field or value specified in the Parameter box. An upper bound clipping function controlled by the field or value specified in the Parameter box.
Modulo	Replace the Field with Field modulo value or field given in the Source / argument box.
Multiply by	Multiplies Field by given field or value in Source / argument box.
Negate	Multiply Field by -1 (switches sign).
Power to	Raise Field value to the power specified by the given Parameter value or field.
Square	Replace Field with square of Field.
Square Root	Replace Field with square root of Field.
Subtract	Subtracts the field or value specified in the Source / argument box from the Field.

Floating Point Operators
Add	Add Parameter field or value to the Field for each record.
Arc Cosine	Replace Field with arc cosine of Field.
Arc CoTangent	Replace Field with arc cotangent of Field.
Arc Sine	Replace Field with arc sine of Field.
Arc Tangent	Replace Field with arc tangent of Field.
Arithmetic Series	Fill Field with an arithmetic series from first record to last computed using the value n given in the Source / argument box for each step. If n = 5, Field will contain 0, 5, 10, 15, 20... series values in records from top to bottom.
Clear	Delete all values in Field.
Copy Day from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the month) to Field.
Copy Day of Week from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the week) to Field.
Copy Day of Year from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the year) to Field.
Copy from	Copy values from the given Parameter field to Field.
Copy Hour from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the hour number (as the hour number in a 24 day) to Field.
Copy Leap Year Flag from	Examine a date/time field in the Parameter field, determines whether or not each date value falls on a leap year, and copies the result (0 or 1) into Field, which should be a numeric or Boolean field.
Copy Minute from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the minute number (as the minute number in an hour) to Field.
Copy Month from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the month number (as the month number in a year) to Field.
Copy Percentage from	Sum values in Parameter field and then for each record take the Parameter field's value as a percentage of the total and copy into Field.
Copy Record Deviation from	Find the median of all Parameter values and then for each record place in Field the deviation from that median for the particular Parameter value of that record.
Copy Record Variation from	Find the median of all Parameter values and then for each record place in Field the variation from that median for the particular Parameter value of that record.
Copy Running Product from	For each record in the sort order, form a product of Parameter field with the cumulative product of multiplying Parameter field from previous records. Place the result in the current record's Field.
Copy Running Sub from	For each record in the sort order, subtract Parameter field from the cumulative total of subtracting Parameter field from previous records. Place the result in the current record's Field.
Copy Running Total from	For each record in the sort order, add Parameter field to the cumulative total of subtracting Parameter field from previous records. Place the result in the current record's Field.
Copy Second from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the second number (as the second number in a minute) to Field.
Copy Week from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the week number (as the week number in a 52-week year) to Field.
Copy Year from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the year number to Field.
Cosine	Replace Field with cosine of Field.
CoTangent	Replace Field with cotangent of Field.
Decimal Fraction	Replace Field with trailing decimal values of Field. 3.1415 would be replaced by 0.1415.
Divide by	Divides Field by the given Parameter value or field. Division by zero results in no change to Field for those records.
Exponentiate	Raise e to the power of the Field and place the result in the Field. (A true mathematician’s exponentiation)
Fill with	Fill the Fields of all records with what is in the Parameter. Equivalent to "Copy from" the Parameter value or field.
Fill with Average of	Examine Parameter field values and copy average of these to Field for all records.
Fill with E	Fill with e, that is, 2.7182818285
Fill with Excess of	Examine Parameter field values and copy excess of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Maximum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy maximum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Median of	Examine Parameter field values and copy median of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Minimum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy minimum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Pi	Fill with pi, that is, 3.14159265359
Fill with Random	Fill Field with random numbers.
Fill with Skewness of	Examine Parameter field values and copy skewness of these to Field for all records.
Fill with StdDeviation of	Examine Parameter field values and copy standard deviation of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Sum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy sum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Variance of	Examine Parameter field values and copy variance of these to Field for all records.
Geometric Series	Fill Field with a geometric series from first record to last computed using the value n given in the Source / argument box for each step. If n = 2, Field will contain 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 ...series values in records from top to bottom.
Invert	Replace Field with (1 / Field). No change if Field contains zero.
Logarithm (Binary)	Replace the value of the Field with the base 2 logarithm of that value.
Logarithm (Decimal)	Replace the value of the Field with the base 10 logarithm of that value.
Logarithm (Natural)	Replace the value of the Field with the natural logarithm of that value.
Logarithm by	Replace the value of the Field with the logarithm of that value taken to base given in the Parameter field.
Make Absolute	Take absolute value of the Field and place it in the Field.
Make at Least	Resets all values in the Field which are lower than the field or value specified in the Parameter box to the field or value specified in the Parameter box. A lower bound clipping function controlled by the field or value specified in the Parameter box.
Make at Most	Resets all values in the Field which are higher than the field or value specified in the Parameter box to the field or value specified in the Parameter box. An upper bound clipping function controlled by the field or value specified in the Parameter box.
Modulo	Replace the Field with Field modulo value or field given in the Source / argument box.
Multiply by	Multiplies Field by given field or value in Source / argument box.
Negate	Multiply Field by -1 (switches sign).
Power to	Raise Field value to the power specified by the given Parameter value or field.
Round	Return the largest integer that is less than or equal to .5 + the value.
Round Down	Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the value.
Round Up	Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the value.
Sine	Replace Field with sine of Field.
Square	Replace Field with square of Field.
Square Root	Replace Field with square root of Field.
Subtract	Subtracts the field or value specified in the Source / argument box from the Field.
Tangent	Replace Field with tangent of Field.

Date / Time Operators
Clear	Delete all values in Field.
Copy Day from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the month) to Field.
Copy Day of Week from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the week) to Field.
Copy Day of Year from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the day number (as the day number in the year) to Field.
Copy from	Copy values from the given Parameter field to Field.
Copy Hour from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the hour number (as the hour number in a 24 day) to Field.
Copy Minute from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the minute number (as the minute number in an hour) to Field.
Copy Month from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the month number (as the month number in a year) to Field.
Copy Second from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the second number (as the second number in a minute) to Field.
Copy Week from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the week number (as the week number in a 52-week year) to Field.
Copy Year from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the year number to Field.
Decrease Day by	Decrement day by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Decrease Hour by	Decrement hour by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Decrease Minute by	Decrement minute by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Decrease Month by	Decrement month by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Decrease Second by	Decrement second by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Decrease Week by	Decrement week by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Decrease Year by	Decrement year by one in the date-time field.
Fill with	Fill the Fields of all records with what is in the Parameter. Equivalent to "Copy from" the Parameter value or field.
Fill with Maximum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy maximum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Median of	Examine Parameter field values and copy median of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Minimum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy minimum of these to Field for all records.
Increase Day by	Increment day by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Increase Hour by	Increment hour by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Increase Minute by	Increment minute by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Increase Month by	Increment month by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Increase Second by	Increment second by one (with rollover) in the date-time field.
Increase Week by	Increment week (with rollover) by one in the date-time field.
Increase Year by	Increment year by one in the date-time field.
Make at Least	Resets all values in the Field which are lower than the field or value specified in the Parameter box to the field or value specified in the Parameter box. A lower bound clipping function controlled by the field or value specified in the Parameter box.
Make at Most	Resets all values in the Field which are higher than the field or value specified in the Parameter box to the field or value specified in the Parameter box. An upper bound clipping function controlled by the field or value specified in the Parameter box.

Percentage Operators
Clear	Delete all values in Field.
Copy from	Copy values from the given Parameter field to Field.
Copy Percentage from	Sum values in Parameter field and then for each record take the Parameter field's value as a percentage of the total and copy into Field.
Fill with	Fill the Fields of all records with what is in the Parameter. Equivalent to "Copy from" the Parameter value or field.
Fill with Average of	Examine Parameter field values and copy average of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Maximum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy maximum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Median of	Examine Parameter field values and copy median of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Minimum of	Examine Parameter field values and copy minimum of these to Field for all records.
Fill with Random	Fill Field with random numbers.
Logical And with	Places a 0 or a 1 in the Field based on logical AND with the field or value specified in the Source / argument box. Any nonzero value counts as a 1 for the AND operation.
Logical Not	If the Field contains 0, it is made a 1. If it contains any nonzero value it is made a 0.
Logical Or with	Places a 0 or a 1 in the Field based on logical OR with the field or value specified in the Source / argument box. Any nonzero value counts as a 1 for the OR operation.
Logical Xor with	Places a 0 or a 1 in the Field based on logical XOR with the field or value specified in the Source / argument box. Any nonzero value counts as a 1 for the XOR operation.
Make at Least	Resets all values in the Field which are lower than the field or value specified in the Parameter box to the field or value specified in the Parameter box. A lower bound clipping function controlled by the field or value specified in the Parameter box.
Make at Most	Resets all values in the Field which are higher than the field or value specified in the Parameter box to the field or value specified in the Parameter box. An upper bound clipping function controlled by the field or value specified in the Parameter box.

URL Operators
Append	Appends given text or field to original field.
Clear	Clear all values in Field.
Copy Day Name from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the name of the day to Field using local language settings.
Copy First Token from	Copy the first token from Parameter into the Field. If Parameter contains John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be to copy John into Field.
Copy from	Copy the value from the Parameter into the Field.
Copy Last Token from	Copy the last token from Parameter into the Field. If Parameter contains John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be to copy Ringo into Field.
Copy Month Name from	Examine the date/time in the Parameter field and copy the name of the month to Field using local language settings.
Copy URL Object from	Copy main part of URL field. Example: "/news/news.html" from http://www.manifold.net/news/news.html
Copy URL Parameters from	Copy query parameters, if any, in URL. Example: "?pg=q&sc=on" from http://www.mydomain.com/cgi-bin/query?pg=q&sc=on
Copy URL Port from	Return port, if used, from URL string. Example: "21" from ftp://ftp.microsoft.com:21
Copy URL Protocol from	Return protocol used by the URL. Example: "http://" from http://www.manifold.net
Copy URL Server from	Return the server from the URL: Eg: "www.manifold.net" from http://www.manifold.net/news/news.html
Decode with	Decrypt Field using a password given in Parameter.
Delete Containing	Clear values in original field that contain the given text or field.
Delete Containing Match	Clear all values that contain a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Delete Ending with	Clear values in original field that end with the given text or field.
Delete Ending with Match	Clear all values that end with a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Delete First Token	Delete the first token in the Field together with the separator (if any) following it. If applied to John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be Paul/George/Ringo.
Delete Last Token	Delete the last token in the Field together with the separator (if any) preceding it. If applied to John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be John/Paul/George.
Delete Left	Delete the first n characters of the original field, where n is a number specified by the given numeric field or value.
Delete Matching	Clear all values that match the given regular expression pattern.
Delete Right	Delete the last n characters of the original field, where n is a number specified by the given numeric field or value.
Delete Sounding Like	Clear all values that sound like the given word. Requires a lot of faith in the Soundex algorithm. A better idea is to use a viewbot to select all that sound like the given word and then take a look at the selection before deleting.
Delete Starting with	Clear values in original field that start with the given text or field.
Delete Starting with Match	Clear all values that start with a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Delete Starting with Token	Clear all values that start with the given token.
Encode with	Encrypt Field using a password given in Parameter. Caution: don't "Encode" a field twice by accident!
Fill with	Fill the Fields of all records with what is in the Parameter. Equivalent to "Copy from" the Parameter value or field.
Fill with Maximum of	Find the "maximum" value that occurs in Parameter field using lexicographic arithmetic and copy it to the Field.
Fill with Median of	Find the "median" value that occurs in Parameter field using lexicographic arithmetic and copy it to the Field.
Fill with Minimum of	Find the "minimum" value that occurs in Parameter field using lexicographic arithmetic and copy it to the Field.
Leave Containing	Clear all values in original field that do not contain the given text or field.
Leave Containing Match	Clear all values except those that contain a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Leave Containing Token	Clear all values except those that contain the given token.
Leave Ending with	Clear all values in original field that do not end with the given text or field.
Leave Ending with Match	Clear all values except those that end with a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Leave Ending with Token	Clear all values except those that end with the given token.
Leave Left	Clip all text from the Field except the first n characters, where n is a number specified by the value given in the Source / argument box.
Leave Matching	Clear all values except those that match the given regular expression pattern.
Leave Right	Clip all text from the Field except the last n characters, where n is a number specified by the value given in the Source / argument box.
Leave Sounding Like	Clear all values except those that sound like the given word. Not for the faint of heart. A better idea is to use a viewbot to select all that sound like the given word and then take a look at the selection, invert the selection and then delete.
Leave Starting with	Clear all values in original field that do not start with the given text or field.
Leave Starting with Match	Clear all values except those that start with a match to the given regular expression pattern.
Leave Starting with Token	Clear all values except those that start with the given token.
Make Lower Case	Convert all characters in the Field to lower case.
Make Sentence Case	Capitalize first character in sentences. Example: "small green tree" becomes "Small green tree"
Make Title Case	Capitalize first character in words. Example: "small green tree" becomes "Small Green Tree"
Make Upper Case	Convert all characters in the Field to upper case.
Prepend	Prepends given text or field to original field.
Reverse	Reverses the order of characters in the Field.
Reverse by Tokens	Reverses the order of tokens in the Field. If applied to John/Paul/George/Ringo the result would be Ringo/George/Paul/John.
Reverse Token at	Take the token in the Field at the position given by the number in the value box and reverse its characters. If applied to John/Paul/George/Ringo with a value of 3 would result in John/Paul/egroeG/Ringo.
Span Excluding	Start at the first character in the Field and see if it occurs anywhere in the text string in the Source / argument box. If it does not occur, continue to the next character and see if it occurs in the text string in the Source / argument box. Continue until a character is encountered that is in the text string in the Source / argument box and stop. Take the characters checked thus far in order and place them in the Field. Order in the Field is preserved, while the order of characters in the text string in the Source / argument box or field does not matter.
Span Including	Start at the first character in the Field and see if it occurs anywhere in the text string in the Source / argument box or field. If it does occur, continue to the next character and see if it occurs in the text string in the Source / argument box. Continue until a character is encountered that is not in the text string in the Source / argument box and stop. Take the characters found thus far in order and place them in the Field. Order in the Field is preserved, while the order of characters in the text string in the Source / argument box or field does not matter.
Toggle Case	Swap upper case for lower case throughout the text.
Trim	Remove leading and trailing white space characters from the Field.
Trim Left	Remove leading white space characters from the Field.
Trim Right	Remove trailing white space characters from the Field.